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Android Architecture

See more basics on Android along with interview questions


Linux Kernal : This is the bottom most layer of architecture but it is the root of the whole system.It is important for the following features.
  • Hardware Abstraction
  • Memory Management Programs
  • Security Settings
  • Power Management Software
  • Other Hardware Drivers (Drivers are programs that control hardware devices.)
  • Support for Shared Libraries
  • Network Stack
Native Libraries and Android Runtime: Libraries guides the device in handling different types of data.For example Media Framework Library for handling audio video formats.Android Runtime includes a set of core Java libraries.It also include Dalvik Virtual MAchine for handling dex files. some of the open source Libraries are:
  • Surface Manager: composing windows on the screen
  • SGL: 2D Graphics
  • Open GL|ES: 3D Library
  • Media Framework: Supports playbacks and recording of various audio, video and picture formats.
  • Free Type: Font Rendering
  • WebKit: Browser Engine
  • libc (System C libraries)
  • SQLite
  • Open SSL
Application Framework Layer All application directly interact with this layer.They manages the basic functionalities of devices,such as voice control. Some of the important blocks of this layer are:
  • Activity Manager:
    • Manages the activity life cycle of applications. To understand the Activity component in Android in detail click here
  • Content Providers:
    • Manage the data sharing between applications. Our Post on Content Provider component describes this in greater detail
  • Telephony Manager:
    • Manages all voice calls. We use telephony manager if we want to access voice calls in our application.
  • Location Manager:
    • Location management, using GPS or cell tower
  • Resource Manager:
    • Manage the various types of resources we use in our Application
Application Layer This is the top most layer in the architecture.Users interact with this layer(for making calls,saving contacts,camera ..).
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